Cyberbullying And Its Effect On Society - 2620 Words

Question #1 Moral panics is something that the society will always experience. From back in history to now, there are different cases of moral panics. Most of these panics affect and target individuals on a daily basis. Rainbow parties, teen sex bracelets, and even bullying has become a huge moral panic for the society now. Bullying have always existed, however, the method and seriousness of bullying has increased dramatically over time. Cyberbullying is one of the most troubling and disruptive crimes of our society now. The advancement of technology has definitely enforced a huge impact on cyberbullying. The internet and its easy access has made it exceptionally easy to target people, especially juveniles, throughout the day at any given time. Many popular social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram is where a lot of bullying happens to take place. I definitely understand why this has become such an enormous moral panic because of the negative influences it has on young people or juveniles. The internet makes it apparent and easy to judge others by the way someone looks, dress, or act. Even though this is a country of freedom, liberty, and equality, people still are inclined to judge others and critique them harshly. This cause juveniles to develop a mere sense of conscience, low self-esteem, and a high need for approval or acceptance. First, what is the actual definition of bullying? Cyberbullying involves bullyingShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying is a prevalent issue in our society due to the rise of technology. Teenagers and children are more connected to the internet than ever before and are in danger of cyber bullying. People can be bullied for a multitude of reasons, the number seeming to grow every year. Some children are cyberbullied because of their physical appearance, sexual orientation, for sexting, for their mental disabilities or for simply existing. This fo rm of bullying is so dangerous because it is very difficultRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effect On Society1254 Words   |  6 Pagesin some way, and about 20-40% have experienced some form of cyberbullying at least once.1 This means that about 200-400 million people between the age of 15 and 24 have been cyberbullied. Cyberbullying has been an issue since the internet was first introduced for public use, and it is still a rising issue today. That is why it is our job to fix it. â€Å"What is cyberbullying?† you may be wondering. According to Dictionary.com, cyberbullying is â€Å"the act of harassing someone online by sending or postingRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society1690 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying Did you know that girls are about twice as likely as boys to be victims and perpetrators of cyber bullying? Although the use of technology has created many opportunities to enhance teaching and learning, it also has led to some severe problems (Morgan, 2013). Online communication can become an addiction, but we have to be careful on what we post or send to other people. Cyberbullying affects people from kinder to college, or even higher. Before the internet, bullies dominated theRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effect On Society893 Words   |  4 Pagesin today’s society. It affects not only students, but adults and teachers alike in contesting what is commonly known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can be defined as the willful and repeated use of cellphones, computers, and other electronic communication devices to harass and threaten others. (McQuade, 2006) Because we live in a cyber society, nearly anyone can become a victim of cyber bullying. It is important to distinguis h the difference between cyber harassment and cyberbullying. The sole differenceRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effect On Society967 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying With the easy access to various forms of technology, young people are using the internet and social networks more than ever before. They view the internet and even more so their mobile phones as a positive aspect of our society. These devices play a crucial role in our daily lives and development of identities. However, these devices are often used negatively. With the increased usage of advanced communication technology, a new type of bullying, cyberbullying, has emerged. CyberbullyingRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Our Society938 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in the Digital Time Cyberbullying is the use of electronic devices with the intent of inflicting harm on another. Cyberbullying has steadily increased with new technology. Many international organizations and campaigns have emerged to defend the victims of this crime. An anti-bullying organization came about by youth in Canada to address the issues surrounding bullying in our society. This advocates for bullying awareness online, insisting that not enough government attention has been givenRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society956 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore with technology. Technology has allowed people to be bullied by total strangers and people in which they never met. Cyberbullying has become a bigger problem than ever imagined. There are many different causes for cyberbullying which spawn psychological issues; however, the methods used are intended to inflict a damaging impact on their intended victims. Cyberbullying stemmed from a digital generation with social media, cell phones, and computers just to name a few. Thirty to forty years agoRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society860 Words   |  4 Pages Cyberbullying is any bullying that takes place with the use of electronic technology; cell phones, computers, social media, texting, and other electronic methods of communication. Cyberbullying typically happens to teenagers, when it happens to an adult is considered cyber-harassment or cyberstalking. Cyberbullying is different than in person bullying because it can happen anytime, victims find it hard to escape, the bully can be anonymous, and the bully can be anywhere in the world. Children whoRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society919 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Cyberbullying† Cyberbullying is â€Å"willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices† (Cyberbullying Research Center). Students can be victims of cyberbullying anytime they have access to their phones or computers: at home, at work, at school, waiting at the doctors, also the cyberbully can commit these acts at all the same times. In this day and age of technology there is no relief or break for the victim. Cyberbullying must be dealt withRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effect On Society1620 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying is a kind of harassment that makes use of the latest electronic technology. This kind of bullying is always on the internet, but people are now even using their phones to bully people, as well. According to the US National Crime Prevention Council, cyberbullying is when the internet, cellphone, and other devices are used to hurt others by sending messages, posting statuses, or sending images to hurt or embarra ss someone. Cyberbullying has become a major issue in the media today. The

Wacoal International Aspect Free Essays

Thai Wassail’s general financial overview, from the year 2007 to year 2010, its total liabilities has been around 500 to 600 million baht, but in 2011, it has rose up to about 1,000 million baht, which will be further discussed in the later topic. As for its equity, it has been quite stable for the past five years, ranging from around 4,000 to 5,000 million baht. Capital Structure: Debt Financing vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Wacoal International Aspect or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Common Equity Financing A firm’s capital structure consists of debt financing and common equity financing. Thai Wassail’s debt o equity ratio is very low, so we can see that it prefers to use equity financing over debt financing. There are several reasons to a firm’s financing decision by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of each method. When a firm chooses to use debt financing, it would have to pay the cost of debt, which is the interest expenses. Advantage of using debt to finance is that the interest payments can be deducted from the business income taxes. However, disadvantages include the high cost of interest rates and high probability of bankruptcy when a rim’s unable to repay the debt. We can assume that Thai Waco do not prefer to finance its funds through debt due to these two advantages. Thai Waco instead chooses to use more of the equity financing; it would be through the use of retained earnings or through the issuance of new stocks. Advantage is that it will not have to keep up with the costs of interest payments to bank loans or debt finance, allowing the capital to be used solely on business activities. The funding source for Thai Wassail’s operations and investments came from its UAPITA and accumulated profits, without any debts carrying interest burdens. According to the financial statements at end 2010, the company had total liabilities of Baht 582. 96 million and shareholders’ equity of Baht 5,036. 50 million. The company’s liabilities shown in the financial statement consisted mostly of trade account payable and accrued expenses, which explains why the total liabilities have risen up to 582 million baht in 2010 compared to 2009. Long-Term Investments Thai Waco has registered long-term investments total of around 2,059 million baht, s compared to 1,586 million baht in the previous year, which shows an increase of 473 million baht. This was due to the largely increase in investment in debt securities and debentures. Thai Wassail’s long-term investments are classified into three segments. First segment includes the investment in related companies consisting of around 912 million baht. With its outstanding investments in other companies within the same group through cross-shareholding, such investments can support its related industries, which would in turn contribute to the company’s operations. Second segment includes investment in other companies consisting of around 41 5 million baht. By investing in several other businesses, Thai Waco could spread its risk over such business diversification. These companies have their own management authority, so there won’t be any interference of Thai Waco as they are completely independent. As the result of such investments, the company could be well assured of the support in the steady supplies of materials, components, products, services, know-how, together with favorable dividend benefit from the Meany’s satisfactory performances. The last segment is the investment in debt securities consisting of around 731 million baht. Reducing Foreign Exchange Rate Risk Thai Wassail’s business operation relies heavily on imports and exports in the foreign currencies, so they are exposed to the risks from foreign exchange rates fluctuation. Therefore, the company uses financial instruments such as the forward contracts in order to reduce exposure to such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange. It will help to protect Thai Waco from movements in exchange rate by establishing the ate at which was agreed upon to be settled. How to cite Wacoal International Aspect, Papers

Ethical Consumerism Consumer Marketing

Question: Describe about the Ethical Consumerism for Consumer Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Ethical consumerism refers as individual consumption where choice has been informed by a particular ethical issue be it social justice, human rights, the environment or animal welfare (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012). People often make their consumption decisions on ethically, for instance, standards of labor (rates of wages and working conditions), choosing environmental-friendly products and methods of production and human rights. According to Smith (2014) ethical consumerism is significant as a growing phenomenon that underpins trade activities which are ethically sound. However, such consideration often fades away due to the operational pressure in terms of maintaining commercial mainstream activities in the competitive business environment (Pickles, Barriento and Knorringa 2016). In the report, the meaning of ethical consumerism will be discussed in the perspective of a particular business line. Marker and Spencer, has grown from the stall of a single market to international fashion retailer in UK, is strongly believe in ethical trading and ethical consumptions (Marksandspencer 2016). The company has experienced many motivational ethical business practices in the over hundred years of journey of their fashion business and recognized as a prominent ethical business practitioner. The purpose of this report is to how ethical concerns of consumers regarding the business practices may influence their purchase behavior. Ethical Consumerism: Nowadays, a sound ethical decision-making and purchase considerations have received several attentions from consumers during their journey of purchase of goods. Evidence suggests that majority of consumers are now become a strong believer of ethical business practices and ethical consumptions. There are many businesses in the recent times has already adopted ethical practices due to emerging consciousness among consumers. For instance, an ethical food sourcing, concerns for animal rights, environment-friendly electronic devises are the common business practices consumers are willing to take. According to Biedenweg Monroe and Oxarart (2013), ethical consumerism can be definite as the purchasing practices of products or services in a way that minimizes social or environmental damage. Albert and Merunka (2013) stated that ethical consumerism is an attempt of securing natural resources of the earth from the everyday commercial business activities. Smith (2014) argued that all purchase be havior is in some sense ethical, involving moral judgment. However consumers are now prioritized products, which, above all, are both friendly to the environment and also to the people who produce them. Broadly speaking, when Ethical Consumers talks about a ethical product, it means something which has not harmed or exploited animals, humans or the environment (Singh, Iglesias and Batista-Foguet 2012). For instance, fair trade coffee or a purchase that incorporates a donation to a chartable cause appeals to people in a best manner. According to the ethical market report of Europe, 2015, the ethical sales value grew by 8 percent during the phase when inflation barely rise above 0.5%. Evidence suggests that an understanding of the ethical consumption is another growing phenomenon, adopted by many business owners to capture the maximum ethical consumers responses from then market. However many researchers argued that consumer has limited understanding of the social, environmental, realities of production perpetuated by consumption practices (Pickles, Barrientos and Knorringa 2016). In that case, initiatives of ethical sourcing, green consumerism has been taken by the diverse business practices in all over the world. This makes businesses more socially or environmental responsible. For instance, there are many businesses followed Animal Protection Regulations Act and thus, not tested manufacturing products on animal bodies firstly. In essence, therefore, ethical consumerism is an approach of consumer activism that includes ethical consumptions, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, ethical shopping or green consumerism These applies to the intentional purchase by consumers of services or products that have been produced, processed or offered through ethical means (Albert and Merunka 2013). For getting maximum consumer responses, employers eventually believe in ethical sourcing that are made and distributed under the ethical condition in a socially responsible manner. Ethical consumerism is, thus, practiced through positive buying in that ethical product, for example fair recognized products are favored over others. Company Review: Marks and Spencer Plc is one of the prominent British multinational fashion retailers known to be an Ethical Business Practitioners in UK. The overall ethical businesses grew from 35bn to 38bn showing a sustained commitment from the consumers across all sectors to support more services and products ethically. There are several sectors have contributed in green consumerism including retail, fashion, food and drink industries. In the fashion sector, Marks and Spencer Plc has become the first UK street fashion retailer to sell fair trade cotton socks. This is indeed a positive that 9 percent to 13bn have ethically invested in 2015 whereas ethical spending over clothing has grown by 48bn to 51bn in UK. Since 2014, MS has been recognized as the most ethically sound company (Haug and Busch 2016). The company has scored high in the policies of supply chain, wage structure and toxics categories. The company has enhanced their success for pioneers in the fashion sector by maintaining ethical trading and engrossed employees to involve in ethical purchasing. In the recent times, the ethical business practice is one of the criteria for ensuring success because people are increasingly asking where their products were made and how far they have come. In other words, employees often involves in intentional purchasing where a clear conceptions related to products have been maintained by consumers on prior basis (Haug and Busch 2016). Thus MS has considered to use minimum social and environmental resources at their supply chain process and this is the reason why every suppliers of MS have adhere to the companys strict ethical standards as providing the condition of working with them. These include monitoring health, fire and safety checks along with maintaining sourcing products from single occupancy factories for ethical consideration (Baker and Saren 2016). Furthermore, all suppliers of MA are bound to responsible for Providing good working environment Freedom of association Respectful treatment of workers Overtime restriction Offering fair rates of pay Apart from that all suppliers factory are being audited regularly by third party, independent auditors, and are also visited by the manager of Regional Compliance of MS. All these makes a sense to be a fair partner to ensure good working conditions, applicable for everyone in the companys supply chain. Now the company is proud for giving their efforts in the clothing supply chain considered to be the most socially responsible across UK. In order to influencing the behaviors of mainstream consumers, the company has simplified its communication around sustainability to Doing the Right Things Ethically. By committing to do the right thing, Marks and Spencer provides the highest standards of animal welfare while following in all their supply chains. For instance, the company has never used animals to test the beauty and household products. In the central merchandizing products the company uses a wide range of various materials such as features and leather, although the company has never sold products with fur of animals. Later the company stopped using any ingredients which have been animal tested either. These are a sense of ethical trading that the group has delivered under the Central Merchandise animal Welfare Policy (Tselon 2016). Based on the above ethical standards and practices of Mark and Spencer, the company leads the clothing (Fashion) sector in sustainable consumption and production. Ethical consumerism helps to choose consumers good value, high quality products and services. Consumers are preferred to choose wide clothing ranges of the company more because the extended activities to sourcing wood and protecting forests during the processing of MS clothing (Palihawadana, Oghazi and Liu 2016). For instance, the company has recently engaged in sustainable wood sourcing to include fabrics which are wood-based such as rayon, viscose, and lyocell. This is all about the companys strong commitment towards the protecting forests through fabric choices. In this way, consumers are ethically consumed products of MS, which are ethically sourced, and included in green consumerism. Opinion Survey: Ethical consumerism is completely customer-driven consumption choices. Therefore, consumers are the best judge if the chosen company is ethically sound towards the ethical selling a wide range of clothing collections. Conducting the primary research by carrying out small sample size of 15 people has been taken place to understand the influences about the consumer purchasing behavior. In Morality and the Market, Leonidou et al. (2013) suggests that market can act as an arbiter of good or bad business practice. Majority of respondents agreeing in the survey process that ethical purchasing behavior is all about their expression and an individualistic approach towards moral judgment in his/her purchasing behavior. There are 60% respondents have been agreed that they consider things ethically while buying a product or services. By including different levels of ethical concerns of the respondents, this survey research procedure goes beyond a traditional attitude-purchase intention study. I n the survey process, the researcher evaluated that 47% of respondents believes that fair trading of companies is the most influential factors for taking decision at the time of consumer purchasing. Favoring products which are produced by the minimum interference of social and environmental resources ensures moral purchasing. On the other hand, practicing fair trade by company is a vote for human rights. In the fashion academic world, it defines considerably to the fabric and fiber content of a garment with little or no impact on environment. The respondents agreed with the fact ethical consideration towards delivering goods or services from the ethical sourcing are the main influential factor for ethical consumer purchasing. By the above survey results this can be said that the respondents are care for retailers approach towards channel of deliveries which are ethically secure and that fair trade laws are being followed. In this context, the terms of fair trade and corporate social responsibility has influenced the consumers buying behavior. Furthermore, the positive impacts on the environment such as green product selling which are potential for recycling is another factor identified by the respondents which are considered while taking decision regarding positive buying (DesJardins and McCall 2014). However, the survey suggests that businesses needs to promote their more ethical practices because there are 13 percent respondents still not thought about ethically while purchasing products or services. Therefore, the chosen organization, MS needs to promote more ethical trading efforts of their activities to their clients so that the company may be chosen by their client preferentially. Conclusion Based on the above evidence, this can be stated that ethical consumerism is all about ethical consideration towards the ethical consumption. To encase the consumer demand, majority of businesses are now became socially responsible practitioner in the global field. The result of the study completely supports the interactions between concerns of ethics, brand attitudes and intentions of purchase. However, an ethical business practice is completely depends on policies, approaches that an organization willing to practice. Thus, ethical trading is reasonable differ from one organization to another. The chosen clothing organization of this study is one of the UKs renowned ethical business practitioners. By examining the environmental and ethical track record of Mark and Spencer Plc, this has been understood that the company largely committed towards doing ethically right in terms of their clothing supply chain activities with their suppliers, social or environmental decision makings such as restriction of selling (never sold fur products) certain unfavorable environmental products or ingredients which have been animal tested and others. Despite the company has been recognized for its ethical consideration, many researchers still believe that the organization has many scopes to become more ethical. Some recommended steps the company can incorporate in their corporate policies. Recommendations: Mark and Spencer could become more ethical by following ways: By the progressive application towards the living wages and safe working conditions to make the system of supply chain more effective and ethical is recommended for MS. To make the selling experience more ethical, the company needs to put ethics at the forefront of their design and production policy. The company needs to endorse their Ethical Consumer publicly and should give more leverage and consumer purchasing power to potentially make more influence on the mainstream fashion industry. Improving audit transparency and increasing stakeholder engagement in the management process could make the company more ethical. References: Albert, N. and Merunka, D., 2013. The role of brand love in consumer-brand relationships.Journal of Consumer Marketing,30(3), pp.258-266. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Haug, A. and Busch, J., 2016. Towards an Ethical Fashion Framework.Fashion Theory,20(3), pp.317-339. Leonidou, L.C., Kvasova, O., Leonidou, C.N. and Chari, S., 2013. Business unethicality as an impediment to consumer trust: The moderating role of demographic and cultural characteristics.Journal of Business Ethics,112(3), pp.397-415. Marksandspencer.com. (2016).Welcome to Marks Spencer. [online] Available at: https://www.marksandspencer.com/ [Accessed 7 Jul. 2016]. Palihawadana, D., Oghazi, P. and Liu, Y., 2016. Effects of ethical ideologies and perceptions of CSR on consumer behavior.Journal of Business Research. Pickles, J., Barrientos, S.W. and Knorringa, P., 2016. New end markets, supermarket expansion and shifting social standards.Environment and Planning A, p.0308518X16631540. Singh, J.J., Iglesias, O. and Batista-Foguet, J.M., 2012. Does having an ethical brand matter? The influence of consumer perceived ethicality on trust, affect and loyalty.Journal of Business Ethics,111(4), pp.541-549. Smith, N.C., 2014.Morality and the Market (Routledge Revivals): Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability. Routledge. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tselon, E., 2016. On Being Human in a Consumer Society: Fashion Skirts the Ethical Agenda.Being Human in a Consumer Society, p.159.

StudentNow.com! Essays - Inorganic Solvents, Acid Rain,

StudentNow.com! INTRODUCTION Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fish and plants to die in our waters. As well it causes harm to our own race as well, because we eat these fish, drink this water and eat these plants. It is a problem that we must all face together and try to get rid of. However acid rain on it's own is not the biggest problem. It cause many other problems such as aluminum poisoning. Acid Rain is deadly. WHAT IS ACID RAIN? Acid rain is all the rain, snow, mist etc that falls from the sky onto our planet that contains an unnatural acidic. It is not to be confused with uncontaminated rain that falls, for that rain is naturally slightly acidic. It is caused by today's industry. When products are manufactured many chemicals are used to create it. However because of the difficulty and cost of properly disposing of these products they are often emitted into the atmosphere with little or no treatment. The term was first considered to be important about 20 years ago when scientists in Sweden and Norway first believed that acidic rain may be causing great ecological damage to the planet. The problem was that by the time that the scientist found the problem it was already very large. Detecting an acid lake is often quite difficult. A lake does not become acid over night. It happens over a period of many years, some times decades. The changes are usually to gradual for them to be noticed early. At the beginning of the 20th century most rivers/lakes like the river Tovdal in Norway had not yet begun to die. However by 1926 local inspectors were noticing that many of the lakes were beginning to show signs of death. Fish were found dead along the banks of many rivers. As the winters ice began to melt off more and more hundreds upon hundreds more dead fish (trout in particular) were being found. It was at this time that scientist began to search for the reason. As the scientists continued to work they found many piles of dead fish, up to 5000 in one pile, further up the river. Divers were sent in to examine the bottom of the rivers. What they found were many more dead fish. Many live and dead specimens were taken back to labs across Norway. When the live specimens were examined they were found to have very little sodium in their blood. This is typical a typical symptom of acid poisoning. The acid had entered the gills of the fish and poisoned them so that they were unable to ext ract salt from the water to maintain their bodies sodium levels. Many scientist said that this acid poising was due to the fact that it was just after the winter and that all the snow and ice was running down into the streams and lakes. They believed that the snow had been exposed to many natural phenomena that gave the snow it's high acid content. Other scientists were not sure that this theory was correct because at the time that the snow was added to the lakes and streams the Ph levels would change from around 5.2 to 4.6. They believed that such a high jump could not be attributed to natural causes. They believed that it was due to air pollution. They were right. Since the beginning of the Industrial revolution in England pollution had been affecting all the trees,soil and rivers in Europe and North America. However until recently the loses of fish was contained to the southern parts of Europe. Because of the constant onslaught of acid rain lakes and rivers began to lose their ability to counter act their affects. Much of the alkaline elements; such as calcium and limestone; in the soil had been washed away. It is these lakes that we must be worried about for they will soon become extinct. A fact that may please fishermen is that in lakes/rivers they tend to catch older and larger fish. This may please them in the short run however they will soon have to change lakes for the fish supply will die quickly in these lakes. The problem is that acid causes

The New American essays

The New American essays The definition of what it means to be an American has changed dramatically throughout the history of our country. The founding fathers brought forth the idea of a new nation; that made sovereign the supremacy of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. America has changed drastically over the last two hundred years, and the definition of what it means to be an American has changed with it as well. In class for the last several weeks, the question was raised of what it means to be an American at the end of the twentieth century. The America of the twentieth century is not as far off from what the founding fathers intended; as some people might be led to believe. We have looked at several different works and articles that have given their perspective on what it means to be an American. Although American citizens are shown in Hollywood movies such as Kids, the film does not depict what the true meaning of being an American is. Our country was founded on the principals of there being no borders between us as a nation. Whether it be a difference of race or heritage, we as a people are all Americans. Being an American means setting aside your biases or prejudices, and living side-by-side with other religions, races, and cultures in a society with the absence of a single ethnic origin. Two works that mainly caught my attention were Letters from an American Farmer, written by Hector St. Jean Crvecoeur, and The Disuniting of America, written by Arthur M. Schlesinger. Crvecoeur focuses greatly on the American as a person with the drive and ambition to distinguish themselves from the others that are around them. Crvecoeur's views show a great sense of individuality among Americans. Schlesinger's excerpt attempts to show that our country has failed to create the society that our nations founders originally wanted. A new society in which being an American does not mean you are white and your ancestors were from the or...

When Do ACT Scores Come Out ACT Score Release Schedule

When Do ACT Scores Come Out ACT Score Release Schedule SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You've taken the ACT and are now waiting for your scores. This can be a tense time, but knowing when exactly to expect your ACT results can help you plan ahead. When do ACT scores come out exactly? In this article, find out when your test scores will become available, how to get your ACT resultsas fast as possible, and what to do once you have them. Will your ACT scores be good enough? When your scores come out, it's critical for you to understand whether your scores are good enough. The ACT score that's good enough for you is unique to you, based on your goals. Download our free guide to figuring out your ACT target score. How Long Does It Generally Take to Get ACT Scores? ACT results normally start to come out online around 10 days after your test date. Because the ACT is always taken on a Saturday, your scores will usually come out on the second Tuesday after your test date. Occasionally, ACT scores might take longer than 10 days to come out.The official ACT website offers a range of possible score release dates for each test. Generally, the earliest possible release date is 10 days after the test date, and the latest possible release date is six to seven weeks after the test date. If you took theACT with Writing, your multiple-choice scores will become available online around the same time as everyone else's; however,your essay score will typically take an additional two weeks. In other words, your complete ACT scores will come out, at earliest, a little more than three weeks after your test date. When Exactly Do ACT Scores Come Out? ACT score release dates will vary depending on your test date. We created the tables below for you to see when you can expect your ACT results to become available. 2019-20 ACT Score Release Schedule ACT, Inc. has confirmed itstesting schedule for the 2019-20 testing year. This allows us to come up with estimatesfor future score release dates: ACT Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Release Complete Scores (w/ Essay) Release Sept 14, 2019 Sept 24, 2019 Oct 8, 2019 Oct 26, 2019 Nov 5, 2019 Nov 19, 2019 Dec 14, 2019 Dec 24, 2019 Jan 7, 2020 Feb 8, 2020 Feb 18, 2020 Mar 3, 2020 Apr 4, 2020 Apr 14, 2020 Apr 28, 2020 June 13, 2020 June 23, 2020 July 7, 2020 July 18, 2020 July 28, 2020 Aug 11, 2020 Have a feeling you'll need to take the ACT again? Download our free guide to improving your ACT score by 4 points. Note that these are the earliest possible dates for your ACT scores to come out. Many students have their scores delayed by a few days as ACT, Inc. gets all the scores together. Don't be too alarmed if your test scores are delayed by a week or so. Beyond that point, though, it might be a good idea to call ACT, Inc. and ask about the status of your test. ACT Writing scores usually come out about two weeks after your multiple-choice scores are released. ACT, Inc. does a great job of getting its scores out as early as possible instead of waiting for all students to be ready before releasing them in a batch. What Time Do ACT Scores Come Out? ACT scores are released in batches and are usually posted once a day at around 12 am Central Time (10 pm Pacific Time, 11 pm Mountain Time, and 1 am Eastern Time). If your test scores don't show up after this time on a particular day, you'll have to wait a whole day and then check if they come out the next day. This information will hopefully help with your stress and keep you from compulsively checking for ACT scores throughout the day! When Are ACT Scores Available to Schools? After taking up to a week to process your score report request, ACT, Inc. will batch up your score report with others going to the same school. Colleges receive ACT score reports at least once every two weeks, but some schools get them more frequently. UVA has stated that it gets score reports electronically at least once a day- but gets scores even more frequently closer to application deadlines. If you put down a school as one to receive one of your four free score reports, that school might even be able to see your ACT scores before you candepending on how frequently it gets scores from ACT, Inc. It’s also important to note that ACT, Inc. will not send out your ACT scores until your whole test has been scored. So if you’ve taken the Writing section, your scores won’t go out until your Writing scores, too, have been determined. Opting for a priority report(instead of a regular score report) shortens the initial processing time to two working days after your request and typically gets your ACT scores to schools three to four business days after your request has been processed. Note that ACT, Inc. cannot send out a score report until your test has been scored. Unless you've gotten your ACT scores and have a college application deadline fewer than seven weeks away (or three weeks for the ACT without Writing), ordering priority reporting isn't worth it. Note: If you took the ACT through State and District, School, or DANTES testing, your online scores will likely not become available until after you get your paper score report in the mail. How Do I Check My ACT Score? The fastest way to view your ACT scores is to go online to your ACT account. Once you log in, you'll see a list of the ACT test dates you have scores for: Next, click on "View Scores" for the test date for which you want to view your ACT scores. You'll be taken to a screen on which you have to reenter your password (for security's sake): Once you enter your password again, you'll be taken to a page with your ACT results. For a more detailed explanation on how to get your scores, check out ourstep-by-step guide. Why Does It Take So Long to Get My ACT Score? It might seem as though grading shouldn't take long since ACT tests are scored automatically. But remember that hundreds of thousands of students take the ACT on each test date.What's more, all of these things need to happen for each student taking the test: Each test is shipped to the ACT, Inc. scoring headquarters. Each test is scanned to calculate araw score. Each test receives a scaled score from 1 to 36, depending on the curve for that test. Each ACT Writing essay is evaluated by two human graders. All of this happens on a nationwide scale, so clearly ACT, Inc. has a significant logistics challenge to deal with! When all's said and done, though, ACT, Inc. strives to get test scores out as soon as possible so students like yourself can plan ahead for college. ACT Results: 2 Options for Next Steps Once you get your ACT scores back, you have a couple of options for what you can do next. Option 1: Retake the ACT If you're not happy with your scores, you might want to consider retaking the ACT. You can refresh your memory on how to sign up for the ACT with this article. Whether you retake the ACT ultimately boils down to two factors:what your target score isand how likely you are to improve your score.Your ACT target score is determined by the average ACT scores of the schools you want to get into. If your ACT scores are a lot lower than your target score is, it might be worth retaking the test. It’s not enough, however, to look at your ACT results and say, "Well, I didn’t do as well as I wanted, so I’d better take it again." As we discuss in our article on ACT score decreases, there’s about a 50-50 chance that if you retake the ACT, you’ll score the same or lower than you did before.And the odds of a score decrease are even higher if you don’t put in much studying time. To improve your composite ACT score by 1 to 4points, you’ll need to put in around40hours of smart prep. Increasing your score by more than this requires even more time and energy. This doesn’t mean just brute-forcing it by doing as many practice tests and quizzes as you can get your hands on; instead, you'll want to use a system that focuses mainly on your weaknesses and helps you improve them. Keep in mind, too, that if you're applying to a school that requires all ACT scores be sent, you'll likely have to send this test's score as well unless you delete it from your record. The bottom line: if you're able to put in the time and energy to improve your score, then it's worth retaking the ACT. Otherwise, it's just a waste of money and a Saturday morning! Option 2: Send Your ACT Scores to Colleges If you're completely satisfied with how you did on the exam, then your next step is to send your scores to all the colleges you're applying to. We've also got a complete list of school and college codesyou can use to send your ACT scores. What's Next? Know you want to retake the ACT but not sure when to do it? Check out all upcoming ACT test datesto find out when you can take the test next. For tips on the best time for you, read our article on the best ACT test dates. What ACT score do you need to get into college?Get the answer to this question by reading our guides towhat the average ACT score for college isand the minimum score you'll need to get in. When's the last date you can take the ACT and still have your scores get to schools in time? Find out with these articles about the last ACT dates forearly admissions deadlines and regular admissions deadlines. Also, check out our free guide on the 5 most important strategies you need to know to improve your ACT score by 4+ points.

Lake Wabarmun, Alberta Oil Spill 2005 Research Paper

Lake Wabarmun, Alberta Oil Spill 2005 - Research Paper Example The plant in some sources is said to be responsible for the existence of health standards made possible by the use of pesticides. Another source stated that 10% of India’s crop were saved by the use of the pesticides made in Bhopal. MIC is very toxic and only noticed when signs of toxicity appear such as watering of the eyes and nasal passages. It is the most toxic chemical belonging to the isocyanate family and at room temperature it is a colorless liquid (Varma, Roli, and Daya Varma, 2005). On December 2 a very small amount of water went through the pipes into MIC tank 610. The reaction generated heat which transformed the MIC liquid into a gas. Pressure in the tank increased; this ruptured the disc and the MIC vent began to discharge into the atmosphere. In Bhopal at the time MIC was stored in three tanks and tank 610 was 87% full, above the 60% recommendation for the Bhopal plant and 50% which was recommended for the Connecticut plant. Safety devices which were in place fo r such an emergency failed or were inadequate. There was no public warning system in place though a warning signal was activated at 2:30 am,2 hours after the leak was detected. It is estimated the MIC leak lasted from 45-60 minutes in duration. When the siren actually went into effect people had already began noticing the effects of the leak. Most of this was at first ignored as minor leaks were common. Police were unaware of what had actually happened and advised citizens to run which in turn exposed them to higher levels of inhaled MCI. On the morning of December 3 and subsequent days citizens were running to the hospital and deaths were attributed the first four days especially to pulmonary edema. Only house flies were unaffected by the MCI; presumably because they lie still at low levels. The effect of the MCI was a chemically induced SAR’s with little if any treatment options. It is estimated that 30,000 people were killed by the MCI and 500,000 more injured. The gas lea k has had far reaching consequences 25 years later and environmentalist have stated that the site still contains large amounts of chemicals which are toxic which they collected from soil samples at the site (Iyengar, Radhika, And Monisha Bajaj, 2011). Identified as one of the worst chemical disasters in history yet new attention was spurred by the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances to the dangers of chemicals which are stored as opposed to those on the environment. Water quality was questionable before the incident and during the period of time immediately following large tanks were filled from other parts of the city to supply residents with drinking water. There were over 500,000 registered victims of the Bhopal incident in 1984. Survivors continue to experience long term effects of the exposure; studies show cases of pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, COPD, emphysema, chest infections and other related conditions as lingering effects of the disaster (Kewal K. Mau dar, et al, 2009). Studies were carried out on 80,000 individuals. Rapid industrial growth in India today contributes to the economy but it comes with a price of environmental degradation and increased health risks to the public. Water quality is Bhopal today is under threat of pollution and in May of 2012 the factory was ordered to clean up

Media, Democracy and the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media, Democracy and the Internet - Essay Example Here the power to rule is vested in the people, which is exercised through elected agents. Abraham Lincoln, calls democracy as a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people." Media also shares a similar role in a democratic state. If democracy gives the power, media helps to strengthen it through unrestricted dissemination of information. It gives 'information, knowledge, forums of communication and debate necessary to govern their own lives effectively.'(McChesney 2000) Thus media emerges a true watch dog, constantly monitoring the democratic system for its flaws and giving the necessary feedbacks to 'people in power and people who want to be in power.' (McChesney 2000) Media can fulfill these tasks only it served the democratic system and the people who hold its key with unbiased and uncensored information accessible for every one. Only then it can build a 'self governing society of political equals' (McChesney 2000) strengthening the pillars of democracy and there by building its own credibility. Mass media has been regarded as the champion of public cause and history is replete with examples how it has fought along with the people in changing the public policy in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. With the emergence of the global media, the surveillancei function of the mass media has become more intensive and the watch dog was given a new responsibility to watch the whole world for the possible violations of democratic ideals and human rights. It started with a total support for Corazon Aquino's campaigns in the late seventies in Philippines and still going strong with reports to garner public support against Iran's dubious nuclear programme. Although the global television has changed the perspective of the mass media taking it from the 'locale' to 'global', media still focuses the domestic front, influencing the public policies through agenda setting. Here the media has further responsibilities like providing the citizen the means to understand the substance of policies at any particular time. Secondly they should perform an amplifying function by giving publicity to the actions and views of important individuals. Thirdly they should provide the common fund of information necessary for the formation of public opinion and the conduct of the political process. Further the mass media should attempt to provide standards by which political actions can be judged, the common frame of reference which must unite rulers and the ruled in a democratic political structure. The media therefore could help considerably in public participation in national and regional policies. Internet as a form of political protest The internet pioneered the ICT and spearheaded a revolution just like the invention of the printing press. If printing empowered people with knowledge, the internet gave them digital liberation. 'In the information age, the critical organizational form is networking. The most critical distinction in this organizational logic is to be or not to be -- in the network. Be in the network, and you can share and, over time, increase your chances. Be out of the network, or become switched off, and your chances vanish since everything that counts is organized around a world wide web of interacting networks.' (Manuel Castells 1998) The freedom to interact directly and instantaneously, end to copyright

Technical features of the sonnet form Essay Example for Free

Technical features of the sonnet form Essay There are a number of technical features of the sonnet form; first of all, all sonnets are fourteen lines long. There are ten syllables in each line, and most of the time they are in the form of iambic pentameter (limping five rhythm), this means that there are five stressed syllables at the start and then five unstressed syllables, this is repeated 5 times. However, Sir Phillip Sydneys sonnet Loving in truth has twelve syllables in each line, so that sonnet is an exception to this rule. All of the sonnets rhyme, there are two rhyme schemes, the Shakespearean and Petrarchan sonnet forms. The Shakespearean sonnet form consists of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end of the sonnet. Usually, the rhyming couplet in Shakespearean sonnets summarises the whole poem. The Petrarchan form consists of an octave, and then a sestet. Another thing is that there is a lot of imagery in sonnets. The main types of imagery are similes, metaphors and personification. An example of a simile is in Percy Shelleys sonnet, To Wordsworth, when he says thou wert as a lone star. Also there are many examples of metaphors, such as in Shakespeares My mistress eyes, Shakespeare says black wires grow on her head. This means that he is comparing black wires to actual hair. There are also a lot of examples of personification in sonnets, for example Wordsworth says the very houses seem asleep; he said this in his sonnet which is called Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802. There are quite a few common themes in sonnets that poets write about quite often. An example of a theme is love and courtship. There are a lot of sonnets that deal with this subject, such as Shakespeares sonnet called When my love swears that she is made of truth. In this sonnet, Shakespeare talks about his love telling lies to him just to make him feel good. He even says I do believe her, though I know she lies. This shows that Shakespeare is telling us all about courtship, another thing is that he refers to her speech as a false-speaking tongue. All of this explains about courtship in Shakespeares sonnet, and almost at the end of the sonnet he states that loves best habit is seeming trust. Edmund Spencers sonnet 54, Of this worlds theatre in which we stay, is also about love. He compares love to going to the theatre, for example he says my love like the spectator ydly sits. Another thing is that he contrasts his love with comedies and tragedies in the theatre: But when I laugh she mocks, and when I cry She laughs and hardens evermore her heart. This makes it clear that this sonnet is also about love, and going to the theatre is a metaphor for his love. Another sonnet that falls into the category of love and courtship is Sir Philip Sydneys Loving in truth and in fain in verse my love to show. In this sonnet, he talks about winning the heart of someone he loves by writing a poem. By writing the poem he intends her to feel pity, and then he states that pity grace obtain. In another words, his love will feel sorry for him and feel sympathy for him. All of this illustrates that love and courtship is a common theme for sonnets. Another common theme is about poetry. The sonnet Loving in truth and fain in verse my love to show by Sir Phillip Sidney is more about poetry than love. He talks about writing a poem for his love to read, he says pleasure might cause her to read which emphasizes the power of poetry. He also points out that he needs a poem that will entertain her wits. Even in the last line, he makes reference to poetry by saying Fool, said my Muse to me, look in thy heart and write. What he meant by this is that the best poems are written by listening to your heart. However, it is ironic that Sir Phillip Sidney must have done a lot of research into writing this poem, and not by listening to his heart. Another sonnet about poetry is Shakespeares My mistress eyes. In this sonnet, Shakespeare criticises the exaggeration of other poems. He compares his mistress to coral, saying that her eyes are nowhere near as red as coral, which makes fun of the other poems. He states that when compared to perfume, his mistress breath wreaks. Right at the end of the sonnet, at the rhyming couplet he makes it clear that he isnt criticizing his mistress, but that falsely comparing his love and exaggerating isnt necessary: And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Another example of poetry as a theme for a sonnet is in Shakespeares sonnet Not marble nor the gilded monuments. In this sonnet he talks about the power of this particular sonnet that he was writing by saying that nothing shall outlive this powerful rime. He mentions that the memory of his love will always be around thanks to the poem he wrote, even after they die, her memory will still be here in the poem, this conveys the power of this particular poem. He says gainst death and all-oblivious enmity shall you pace forth. In the end he illustrates that his loves will live in this, and dwell in lovers eyes. Finally, time, death and loss are part of another theme that is common in sonnets. All these three themes are linked together. First of all, John Donnes sonnet Death be not proud is about death. He personifies death and directs his sonnet to death itself by saying Death be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so. In this sonnet, John Donne illustrates that there is nothing to fear about death. He states that death is a slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men. Even at the end, he stresses that death shall be no more and that death will die itself, this means that death is only really sending people to heaven and that eternal life shall overcome death. The next sonnet about this theme is Shakespeares No longer mourn for me when I am dead. In this sonnet he leaves a message for his love, not to feel bad when he will die. He says remember not the hand that writ it, for I love you so which means that this sonnet is also about time because he talks about his love forgetting about him after an amount of time. Also he thinks of the future, when he will be dead, which also shows that this sonnet is about time and he loss of him. Another sonnet about death and time is John Keats When I have fears that I may cease to be. At the start of the sonnet, John Keats shows that he is scared of death because he wont be able to write poems again, and that he might not live long enough to write a truly great poem. He also is worried that he wont see his lover again because he says that he shall never look upon thee more. At the end he mentions to nothingness do sink which means that he is probably near to death. Overall, he common themes that are used in sonnets are love and courtship, the power of poetry and death.

The Yellow Wallpaper -- Literary Analysis, Gilman

It is very popular in American Literature that most authors explore how characters shape the society in which we live. Society consists of people who help create the social order and social norms, and those who rebel against the social order. The insiders of society are the people who practice the values of the society and try to live up to cultural standards of that society. In American Literature the outcast of society is shunned by the rest of society for their inability to live up to the moral, social, economic, or cultural standards of society. I am going to explore three different literary works of American literature and explain how one of the characters in each literature is rejected by society, or portrayed as a social outcast because of the inability to live up to either the social, economic, or cultural standards of society. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the main character is also the narrator of the story, and her name is unknown. The story is written in diary format and the narrator is giving personal accounts about her experience battling depression, her marriage to her â€Å"rational† husband John who is also her physician, and her inability to express herself. The narrator is very imaginative and being confined to a large room with the yellow wall paper causes her to battle with reality. She is portrayed a social outcast in the story because her illness does not allow her to perform the social duties that women are portrayed to perform in society, such as raising her child, and assisting in household chores. Gilman also portrays the narrator as an outcast through imagery. She writes the story in diary format so that the story is told from the narrator’s point of view, and the only... ...s one who is very ambitious and will try to reach for the American Dream at all cost. Gatsby’s social status interferes with his affairs with Daisy and why they could not be together in the past. The character in each literary works inability to live up to the social, economical, cultural, and moral standards of society has made them an outsider, and each story ended with a negative outcome of the character’s life. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator’s inability to fit into society causes her hysteria to only worsen. Daisy Miller suspecting of committing unethical behavior Giovanelli causes her to catch Roman Fever, which leads to her death. Gatsby inability to live up to the social status of one born with wealth destroys his possibilities of obtaining the American Dream, and his character is murdered. These lives shape the evolution of society.

Early Man

The base of all human accomplishment derives from the Paleolithic era. These beginnings of mankind could be considered our most important. The first tools were developed, stone tools used to shape wood, dig for food, or weaponry. The progression in tools shows the growth in thinking, first using objects for tools then creating tools to fit a certain need such as sharpening stone for cutting. Tools were used to fashion weapons like a bow and arrow. Man learned how to make fire with friction for heat and cooking food (Baldwin).Art provides an insight into life for early man, their location and migration, and the animals they hunted or domesticated. Paintings, statues, and carvings show ingenuity and awareness to the surrounding world. Languages developed with migration allowing communication. Human behaviors were established on religious ideas and formal conduct. An idea of the afterlife was present, burying the dead with prized possessions. These slow developments foreshadowed the adv ance to come. With the end of the ice age, changes in available game and a warmer climate encouraged a new idea on how to live.Fostering the agricultural developments already learned the hunter/gatherer way of life was no longer necessary. With dogs already domesticated, new animals became useful – farms owned pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle. These animals were vital several ways, providing meat, milk, or labor. As well as food, they could also be used for leather and furs. Working the land aggressively enough to live off was difficult and required many hands. Families began to grow. Women were able to produce more offspring with a more permanent settlement.The children were raised with strong work ethics, expected to be useful cultivating what might one day be theirs. The society became largely patriarchal since men harvested the land and women spent most of their time caring for children. The population growth was immense, multiplying tenfold. The need for access to water cr eated small communities resulting in culture and society changes. Houses were built, some more extravagant than others depending on profits generated from the farm. Social statuses were developed.Art, in all forms – painting, sculpture, embellishment in clothing and accessories – were encouraged. Some farms produced excess and gained the ability to trade for items they could not themselves produce. This surplus of food allowed people to learn other trades. A weekly system was prevalent in almost all societies, based on market days, seasonal harvest, or religion. Language began to meld together making communication with a broader range of communities. This culture is the first to spread worldwide (Baldwin). With technological progress, recovering artifacts and what we can learn from them advances daily.Weather and climate changes can unearth new artifacts and expand knowledge of prehistoric life. The ability to accurately pinpoint the age of an artifact, and historians interpretation of an object could give us insight into many aspects of prehistoric life. â€Å"It’s very important, telling us something about species close to us but not quite ‘us’† (Cornoe). (Baldwin) http://socsci. gulfcoast. edu/rbaldwin/early_man. htm (Cornoe) http://www. smh. com. au/national/scientists-stumped-by-prehistoric-human-whose-face-doesnt-fit-20120314-1v3m0. html

Compare Essays Baldwin & Emerson

The focal point of this paper is to compare and contrast the essays, James Baldwins’ In Search of a Majority: An Address and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Race. Both the writers investigate into the aspects of race and communities and reveal their faith in accordance to their argument. James Baldwin states that to understand and evaluate the aspects of racial differences it is important to understand the true nature of minorities and majorities in a given state or nation.He believes that once the majorities of a country or region is identified it would be logical to understand the reason behind the social strata of the majority. In other words, James Baldwin indicates, according to his thesis or discussion, that â€Å"the only useful definition of the word â€Å"majority† does not refer to numbers, and it does not refer to power. It refers to influence. † (Baldwins, 2006) On the other hand, Emerson believes that race is the fundamental influence and ingredient of success. For his argument, he has constructed his text and taken the English as a model of most influential race.According to his belief the English people are the most dominant and influential race and to prove that he states, â€Å"How came such men as King Alfred, and Roger Bacon, William of Wykeham, Walter Raleigh, Philip Sidney, Isaac Newton, William Shakspeare, George Chapman, Francis Bacon, George Herbert, Henry Vane, to exist here? What made these delicate natures? was it the air? was it the sea? was it the parentage? †. (Emerson, 2006) Thus, Emerson tries to prove that race is the inbuilt and fundamental aspect of success.Thus, both these essays can well be related to each other in the sense that both the writers are trying to find out the fundaments of racism and the dominant features of a social stratum. However, both the writers are looking at the same elements of sociological confluence but from the opposite directions. While, Baldwin feels that the most powerful group of people are those who are the most influential in a given society Emerson feels that the most influential human group in a given society are the one who are the most racially powerful and distinct.Emerson’s claims of dominance of the Englishman starts with their ancestral background of the Germanic origins during the roman era and whom the Romans too found very difficult to handle and impossible to dominate. Then he imposes historical data like the details of the British Empire and the demographic supremacy of the empire at its zenith. To prove his point he indicates, â€Å"It is race, is it not? that puts the hundred millions of India under the dominion of a remote island in the north of Europe.† (Emerson, 2006) On the other hand, Baldwin looks into the matter of arguments in a more contemporary sense. He indicates that there is only a sense of paranoia in the context of xenophobia in modern US. He indicates that, as the population of the Negro community is l ess influential in US society it is obvious that â€Å"It is only too clear that even with the most malevolent will in the world Negroes can never manage to achieve one-tenth of the harm which we fear. † (Baldwins, 2006)If the two arguments are compared in this context we would find that Baldwin’s arguments are induced by a sense of humane appeal and he suggests that all human races have the chance to be powerful and influential at a given condition and thus he suggests that every human race has a fair chance to dominate at a given point of time and at a given point of space. On the other hand, Emerson’s arguments are more fundamentalist in nature and at times it appears that his only intention of writing is to prove English superiority as a race.He tends to forget the entire human history and just focus on the last two hundred years where the English dominated most of the world population. Nevertheless, such conditions came and went for most of the races of the world. There were the Egyptians and Mesopotamians. The Greeks and the Persians were at a high. The Romans, Huns, Mongols and French all had their days in the sun. So, what makes the English better than the rest?The author fails to answer this and chooses to keep these questions out of his text. However, if we take the two arguments together we would find an interesting observation that we could not by approaching them each individually. If that is done we would find that there are some specific notions of success for a race and if the situation and surroundings are in complete alignment with each other there are possibilities that any race can become the dominant race of the world, at least for a period.This is the fundamental revelation of these two arguments that has not been mentioned once in these texts. References: Baldwins, James; (2006); In Search of a Majority: An Address Emerson, Ralph Waldo; (2006); Race; The Complete Works Of Ralph Waldo Emerson; www. davemckay. co. uk; Retrieved on 07. 04. 2008 from http://www. davemckay. co. uk/philosophy/emerson/emerson. php? name=emerson. 05. english. 04

What Is the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program

What Is the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you are checking out this article, you have probably heard of this thing called IB or International Baccalaureate. You may have heard that it is something like AP. You might have read our article on What's Better for You: IB or AP? College Expert Guide. I am actually a recipient of an IB Diploma from Suncoast Community High School in Riviera Beach, Florida. I know the program from the inside, so in this article, I'll give you a factual overview of IB as well as my opinions. What Is IB? What Is the International Baccalaureate Program? The International Baccalaureate (IB) program was designed in Switzerland in the 1960s.The program was designed to be a rigorous, internationally recognized diploma for entry into universities that students all around the world could earn.You can read more about the history and philosophy of the IB program over at their website. An IB diploma is a credential issued to students by the IBO and recognized by most colleges and universities (I will go into more detail on this below). Not all students who pursue an IB diploma will receive one. To earn an IB diploma, you have to go to an IB-approved school and meet the requirements, including taking classes in the six subject groups, passing their exams, and completing three additional core requirements.All of which I'll cover more in-depth in our other article on IB Diploma Requirements. If you don’t want to pursue the diploma, some schools allow you to take a few IB classes without doing the full-blown diploma program, though each high school sets its own policy on this.My school did NOT allow anyone who was not a diploma candidate to take IB classes.Find out the school policy before you decide to attend. Find a school in your hometown in our complete list of IB Schools in the US; email the IB coordinator to ask their policy. Where Can You Take IB Classes? Where Can You Get an IB Diploma? You can take IB classes and get your IB diploma at many local schools.There are 873 IB Diploma Program Schools in the US, and there are 4,162 schools in the world offering IB programs, though not all of these offer the Diploma Program (there are programs just for elementary and middle school students as well as a career program). To find out if there is a school near you check out our other article on IB Schools in the US.You can also take certain IB classes online at Pamoja Education.However, you cannot get your IB diploma online because Pamoja Education does not offer Group 1 nor Group 4 classes online.For a full list of online classes, check out our other article on Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Can I Get an Online IB Diploma? Will IB be useful in college? Can You Get College Credit for IB Classes or an IB Diploma? Yes! Each school may have slightly different qualifications for getting credit for IB classes, but most college classes give you credit for IB HL classes with an exam score of 5 or higher.Some colleges even wave your general education requirements for those students with an IB Diploma.Others like University of Southern California (my alma mater) give you a full year’s worth of credit to those with an IB Diploma. Look up colleges' individual IB college credit policy by googling â€Å"[Name of College/University] IB credit policy.†Most universities have a dedicated web page for explaining their IB credit policy. What Is the Difference Between IB and AP? While AP exams are typically all or mostly multiple-choice, IB exams are mostly written, essay-based.IB classes tend to have a wider worldview: making you read a lot of foreign books, learn foreign history, and learn a foreign language. AP classes typically focus heavily on the test material. IB is a more well-rounded education in my opinion because you are required to submit a written component (typically a report or essay) that will count towards your ultimate IB score in addition to the IB exam at the end of the course. For example, for science classes, you are required to complete extensive lab reports. Another example, for history, you are required to do an extensive report on a specific subject that aligns with the history you are learning about, and you get to choose the topic you write about.I learned about European history, and my report focused on Allied Prisoners of War in Europe in WWII. IB is far less popular than AP in the United States.2.3 million took AP exams in 2014, about 1 million of those students are in the US, while only about 135,000 students took IB exams in 2014, and about 73,000 of those students are in the US, the rest are international.67,524 were diploma candidates – students completing the full IB program in hopes of earning an IB diploma. IB is more expensive than AP classes.For IB, there is a $160 registration fee plus a $110 fee per exam. While this is a lot of money, it is much less than the tuition you would pay for the same intro-level college course. Many schools also have their own financial aid programs for IB.Some schools cover the cost of IB registration and exam fees.My public school (Suncoast Community High School) covered all of the costs for IB registration and exam fees as well as AP exam fees for all students as long as they were enrolled in the corresponding class, so I never paid for any testing.Ask your local IB school what their policy is by emailing the IB coordinator(you can find their contact information throughour other article IB Schools).Read more aboutfees from the IBO. AP exams only cost $91 each without a registration fee, so they are cheaper, but both are still much less expensive than the cost of a college course.Also, AP does not currently offer a diploma program. Why Should You Take IB Classes or Pursue an IB Diploma? On top of the opportunity for college credit, I truly think the IB program is the best preparation for college (even better than the community college classes I took using a dual-enrollment program).IB prepares students to think globally and to write about a variety of topics.I really believe in the IB program. It provides students with more creative opportunities than AP classes.Students are allowed to choose topics for their reports and are not typically assigned one specific topic. For example,I am very passionate about film and theatre.I got to explore that passion through my extended essay as I mentioned before, and I also got to explore it in my oral presentation for my Spanish B class in which I talked about Pedro Almodovar and Spanish Cinema. Also, I am very interested in my family history.As I mentioned in my history class, I wrote a report on Allied Prisoners of War in Europe in WWII. My own grandfather was a prisoner of war. I got to track down details of his experiences and include it in my report. IB is a fantastic program for gifted students who love to read and learn about the world.IB allows students to pursue their interests and find their passions. What’s Next? Trying to figure out what extracurricular you should do? Learn more about participating in Science Olympiad, starting a club, doing volunteer work, andjoining Student Government. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out your target SAT score or target ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Charlotte Brontë, 19th Century Novelist

Charlotte Brontà «, 19th Century Novelist Best-known as the author of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « was a 19th century writer, poet, and novelist. She was also one of the three Brontà « sisters, along with Emily and Anne, famous for their literary talents.   Dates:  April 21, 1816 -  March 31, 1855Also known as: Charlotte Nicholls; pen name Currer Bell Early Life   Charlotte was the third of six siblings born in six years to the Rev. Patrick Brontà « and his wife, Maria Branwell Brontà «. Charlotte was born at the parsonage in Thornton, Yorkshire, where her father was serving. All six children were born before the family moved in April 1820 to  the 5-room parsonage at Haworth on the moors of Yorkshire that they would call home for most of their lives. Her father had been appointed as perpetual curate there, meaning that he and his family could live in the parsonage as long as he continued his work there. The father encouraged the children to spend time in nature on the moors. Maria died the year after the youngest, Anne, was born, possibly of uterine cancer or of chronic pelvic sepsis. Maria’s older sister, Elizabeth, moved from Cornwall to help care for the children and for the parsonage. She had an income of her own. The Clergymen’s Daughter’s School In September of 1824, the four older sisters, including Charlotte, were sent to the Clergy Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge, a school for the daughters of impoverished clergy. The daughter of writer Hannah Moore was also in attendance. The harsh conditions of the school were later reflected in Charlotte Brontà «s novel,  Jane Eyre. A typhoid fever outbreak at the school led to several deaths.  The next February, Maria was sent home very ill, and she died in May, probably of pulmonary tuberculosis. Elizabeth was sent home late in May, also ill. Patrick Brontà « brought his other daughters home as well, and Elizabeth died on June 15. Maria, the eldest daughter, had served as a mother figure for her younger siblings; Charlotte decided she needed to fulfill a similar role as the eldest surviving daughter. Imaginary Lands When her brother Patrick was given some wooden soldiers as a gift in 1826, the siblings began to make up stories about the world that the soldiers lived in. They wrote the stories in tiny script, in books small enough for the soldiers, and also provided newspapers and poetry for the world they apparently first called Glasstown.  Charlotte’s first known story was written in March of 1829; she and Branwell wrote most of the initial stories. In January of 1831, Charlotte was sent to school at Roe Head, about fifteen miles from home. There she made friends of Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor, who were to be part of her life later as well.   Charlotte excelled in school, including at French. In eighteen months, Charlotte returned home, and resumed the Glasstown saga. Meanwhile Charlottes younger sisters, Emily  and Anne, had created their own land, Gondal, and Branwell had created a rebellion. Charlotte negotiated a truce and cooperation among the siblings. She began the Angrian stories. Charlotte also created paintings and drawings – 180 of them survive.  Branwell, her younger brother, got familial support for developing his painting skills towards a possible career; such support was not available to the sisters. Teaching In July of 1835 Charlotte had an opportunity to become a teacher at Roe Head school. They offered her a tuition-free admission for one sister as payment for her services. She took Emily, two years younger than Charlotte, with her, but Emily soon became ill, an illness attributed to homesickness.   Emily returned to Haworth and the youngest sister, Anne, took her place. In 1836, Charlotte sent some of the poems she had written to England’s poet laureate. He discouraged her pursuit of a career, suggesting that because she was a woman, she pursue her â€Å"real duties† as a wife and mother.  Charlotte, nevertheless, continued writing poems and novellas. The school moved in 1838, and Charlotte left that position in December, returning home and later calling herself â€Å"shattered.† She had continued to return to the imaginary world of Angria on holidays from school, and continued writing in that world after she moved back to the family home. Shattered In May of 1839 Charlotte briefly became a governess. She hated the role, especially the sense she had of having â€Å"no existence† as a family servant. She left in mid-June. A new curate, William Weightman, arrived in August of 1839 to assist the Rev. Brontà «. A new and young clergyman, he seems to have attracted flirting from both Charlotte and Anne, and perhaps more attraction from Anne. Charlotte received two different proposals in 1839.  One was from Henry Nussey the brother of her friend, Ellen, with whom she’d continued to correspond. The other was from an Irish minister. Charlotte turned them both down. Charlotte took another governess position in March of 1841; this one lasted until December. She returned home thinking she’d start a school. Her aunt Elizabeth Branwell promised financial support. Brussels In February of 1842 Charlotte and Emily went to London and then Brussels.  They attended a school in Brussels for six months, then Charlotte and Emily were both asked to stay on, serving as teachers to pay for their tuition. Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. In September, they learned that the young Rev. Weightman had died. But they had to return home in October for a funeral, when their aunt Elizabeth Branwell died.  The four Brontà « siblings received shares of their aunt’s estate, and Emily worked as a housekeeper for her father, serving in the role their aunt had taken.   Anne returned to a governess position, and Branwell followed Anne to serve with the same family as a tutor.   Charlotte returned to Brussels to teach. She felt isolated there, and perhaps fell in love with the master of the school, though her affections and interest were not returned.  She returned home at the end of a year, though she continued to write letters to the schoolmaster from England. Charlotte moved back to Haworth, and Anne, returning from her governess position, did the same. Their father needed more help in his work, as his vision was failing.  Branwell had also returned, in disgrace, and declined in health as he increasingly turned to alcohol and opium. Writing for Publication In 1845, a quite significant event that started small happened: Charlotte found Emily’s poetry notebooks.   She got excited at their quality, and Charlotte, Emily and Anne discovered each others’ poems. The three selected poems from their collections for publication, choosing to do so under male pseudonyms. The false names would share their initials: Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. They assumed that male writers would find easier publication. The poems were published as Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell in May of 1846 with the help of the inheritance from their aunt.   They did not tell their father or brother of their project.  The book only initially sold two copies, but got positive reviews, which encouraged Charlotte. The sisters began preparing novels for publication. Charlotte wrote the Professor, perhaps imagining a better relationship with her friend, the Brussels schoolmaster.   Emily wrote   Wuthering Heights, adapted from the Gondal stories.   Anne wrote Agnes Grey, rooted in her experiences as a governess. The next year, July 1847, the stories by Emily and Anne, but not Charlotte’s, were accepted for publication, still under the Bell pseudonyms.   They were not actually published immediately, however. Jane Eyre Charlotte wrote Jane Eyre and offered that to the publisher, ostensibly an autobiography edited by Currer Bell.   The book became a quick hit.   Some surmised from the writing that Currer Bell was a woman, and there was much speculation about who the author might be.  Some critics condemned the relationship between Jane and Rochester as â€Å"improper.† The book, with some revisions, entered a second edition in January 1848, and a third in April of that same year. Clarification of Authorship After Jane Eyre had proven a success, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey also were published.   A publisher began advertising the three as a package, suggesting that the three â€Å"brothers† were really a single author.   By that time Anne had also written and published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Charlotte and Emily went to London to claim authorship by the sisters, and their identities were made public. Tragedy Charlotte had begun a new novel, when her brother Branwell, died in April of 1848, probably of tuberculosis.   Some have speculated that the conditions at the parsonage were not so healthy, including a poor water supply and chilly, foggy weather. Emily caught what seemed to be a cold at his funeral, and became ill. She declined quickly, refusing medical care until relenting in her last hours.   She died in December.   Then Anne began to show symptoms, though she, after Emily’s experience, did seek medical help.   Charlotte and her friend Ellen Nussey took Anne to Scarborough for a better environment, but Anne died there in May of 1849, less than a month after arriving.   Branwell and Emily were buried in the parsonage graveyard, and Anne in Scarborough. Returning to Living Charlotte, now the last of the siblings to survive, and still living with her father, completed her new novel, Shirley: A Tale, in August, and it was published in October 1849.   In November Charlotte went to London, where she met such figures as William Makepeace Thackeray and Harriet Martineau. She traveled, staying with various friends.   In 1850 she met Elizabeth Glaskell. She began corresponding with many of her new acquaintances and friends.   She also refused another offer of marriage. She republished Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey in December 1850, with a biographical note clarifying who her sisters, the authors, really were. The characterization of her sisters as the impractical but caring Emily and the self-denying, reclusive, not so original Anne, tended to persist once those impressions became public.   Charlotte heavily edited her sisters’ work, even while claiming to be advocating truthfulness about them.   She suppressed the publication of Anne’s Tenant of Wildfell Hall, with its portrayal of alcoholism and a woman’s independence. Charlotte wrote Villette, publishing it in January of 1853, and split with Harriet Martineau over it, as Martineau disapproved of it. New Relationship Arthur Bell Nicholls was the Rev. Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s curate, of Irish background like Charlotte’s father was.   He surprised Charlotte with a proposal of marriage.   Charlotte’s father disapproved of the proposal, and Nicholls left his post.   Charlotte turned down his proposal initially, then began secretly corresponding with Nicholls.   They became engaged and he returned to Haworth.   They were married on June 29, 1854, and honeymooned in Ireland. Charlotte continued her writing, beginning a new novel Emma. She also took care of her father at Haworth. She became pregnant the year after her marriage, then found herself extremely ill. She died on March 31, 1855. Her condition was at the time diagnosed as tuberculosis, but some have, much later, speculated that the description of symptom more likely fits the condition hyperemesis gravidarum, essentially an extreme morning sickness with dangerously excessive vomiting. Legacy In 1857, Elizabeth Gaskell published The Life of Charlotte Brontà «, establishing the reputation of Charlotte Brontà « as having suffered from a tragic life.   In 1860, Thackeray published the unfinished Emma.     Her husband helped revise The Professor for publication with the encouragement of Gaskell. By the end of the 19th century, Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work was largely out of fashion. Interest revived in the late 20th century.   Jane Eyre has been her most popular work, and has been adapted for stage, film and television and even for ballet and opera. Two stories, The Secret and Lily Hart, were not published until 1978. Family Tree Mother: Maria Branwell (April 15, 1783 – September 15, 1821); born in Cornwall. Mother: Anne Crane, whose father was a silversmith. Father: Thomas Branwell, prosperous merchant in Penzance. Maria became a teacher when her parents died.Father: Patrick Brontà « (March 17, 1777 – June 7, 1861); born in Ireland; ordained August 10, 1806; poor   Anglican  clergyman. Studied at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he changed the spelling of his last name from Brunty. Published poet. Parents: Eleanor McCrory and Hugh Brunty.   (Surname originally mac Aedh Ó Proinntigh)Maria Branwell and Patrick Brontà « married December 29, 1812.  Siblings:Maria Brontà « April 23, 1814 – May 6, 1825Elizabeth Brontà « 1815 – June 15, 1825Patrick Branwell Brontà « June 26, 1817 – September 24, 1848 – usually called Branwell to distinguish him from his father, also PatrickEmily Jane Brontà «Ã‚  July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848Anne Bront à «Ã‚  January 17, 1820 – May 28, 1849Aunt who helped raise the siblings: Elizabeth Branwell (December 2, 1776 – October 29, 1842), Maria Branwell’s sister Education Clergy Daughters School, Cowan BridgeRoe Head School, Desbury MoorPensionnat Heger, Brussels Marriage, Children Husband: Arthur Bells Nicholls (married June 29, 1854; Anglican clergyman)Children: none; Charlotte died during her first pregnancy Books by Charlotte Brontà « Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton BellJane Eyre: An AutobiographyShirley: A TaleVillete Posthumous Publication The Professor: A TaleThe Twelve Adventurers and Other StoriesLegends of Angria: Compiled from the Early Writings of Charlotte Brontà «Emma (unfinished)The Poems of Charlotte Brontà « (annotated and enlarged)The Unfinished Novels Books About Charlotte Brontà « Brontà «s at Haworth: The World Within. Charlotte, Anne and Emily Brontà «, published 1993.  Four Brontà «s: The Lives Works of Charlotte, Branwell, Emily Anne Brontà «: Lawrence and Elisabeth Hanson, 1967.

Ethics and policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Ethics and policies - Essay Example Ethics can best be defined as standards of moral behaviour that are accepted by society as right versus wrong (Nickels et al, 2005). Businesses, as much as an individual, are held accountable for their actions in relationship to societys ethical expectations. Most modern companies are struggling to emerge profitable and reputable in a market that is saturated with competition. One of the tactics used to increase positive visibility in the business world is in establishing a distinctive ethical position. As much important as a companys mission or vision statement is the establishment of a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics annual report. The purpose of this statement is to apply ethical standards to all employees, directors, officers, and possibly subsidiary groups that define disciplinary actions for those who breach the code of conduct. What this serves is to separate the company from any possible negative assessments of its policies on behalf of consumers and to send the message t hat any deviation from ethical code will be immediately corrected through new initiatives or employee accountability for the act. In establishing a distinctive ethical position, most companies tend to address issues such as conflicts of interest, confidentiality, fair dealings with other entities, compliance standards, and sometimes cultural ethical standards when dealing with international organisations. The publicity gained from such an ethics code aids not only the business by securing its ethical actions, but also serve the communities, shareholders, and can prevent costly legalities brought on by unfair business practices. These types of lawsuits can be as minor as a breach in employment policy to as extensive as misrepresenting company earnings to inflate company stock. In a world where multiple businesses have been flattened due to false representation of company revenue, offering a It is quite clear to see the

The importance of cultural awareness and tolerance in EMS Term Paper - 1

The importance of cultural awareness and tolerance in EMS - Term Paper Example Italians perceive Americans as people who are always on the go; always talking about work and business over lunch or drinks. Italians view meal times as a time to keep off business and time to engage in social connotations. Since culture is not conscious, people cannot become fully aware of their cultural dynamics (Fuller; 200). Sometimes, EMS personnel have to step outside their cultural boundaries in order to take care of their patients effectively. Cultural competence enables EMS personnel to provide care to diverse populations. However, there are challenges that EMS personnel face in their quest to deliver competent patient care through cultural awareness. It sometimes becomes difficult for EMS personnel to deliver patient centred services when the beliefs of the patient are not in tandem with medical guidelines. This is one of the challenges that EMS personnel face in their line of duty. Cultural competence gives medical personnel the ability to interact with patients of varied cultures. When EMS personnel respond to a call, they are introduced to the patients’ life and are also forced to consider the patient’s culture. Culture plays a significant part in communication and medical care given to the patient. Regardless of their qualifications, the first people to arrive at a pre hospital d isaster scene are all known as EMS personnel. Therefore, EMS personnel include a whole lot of emergency workers like fire fighters, paramedics and emergency medical technicians. The extended family of EMS personnel includes dispatchers, support services and administrative staff. As much as the entire EMS fraternity is involved in the effective functioning of the emergency system, it is the EMS personnel on the frontline that really need to be culturally competent because they are often in direct contact with the patients. Cultural competency involves the ability to recognize and obtain cultural facts concerning a patients’

Stories of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stories of Change - Research Paper Example Reasons for organizational change may include changes in opportunities, changes in technology; customer needs changes, change as a result of globalization and financial wealth. Organizations need to have an ability of adapting effectively and rapidly to the change process for them to remain competitive in today’s rapidly  changing  world. Therefore, organizational managers need to determine ways of nurturing the change process required as well as determine the different approaches required to make the change process effective to ensure organizational feasibility (Gupta, 2011). It is essential for any organization to accept change process positively if it needs to stay viable in the competitive market. However change process is not an easy process, and there are so many points that can go immoral. Among them is opposition and resistance from employees regarding the change process. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process with an effort of reducing the chance of such confrontation (Hayes & Richardson, 2008). According to the stories of change, there are 3 significant errors presented in the McDonald, Hewlett-Packard, and Kodak organizations. For Hewlett-Packard organization, Carly in 1999 became the company’s new chief executive officer at a period when the company was faced with many business issues and lacked a proper direction. The main aim of Carly was to rearrange the organization to have a good effective flow of ideas. During the year 2002, the company merged with Compaq Computer Corp (CCP) that was a very major but a desperate change p rocess. It is essential for an organization to anticipate a change process for them to react pro-actively rather than reactively for it to be effective (Gupta, 2011). For Kodak change story, the organization biggest recommendation was communicating more effectively with workers on the desired change process. One of the big challenges that organization face is on how to

Naval Helicopter Landing Gear Engineering Essay

Naval Helicopter Landing Gear Engineering Essay The landing gear, is a structure (or mechanism) attached to the fuselage (or the body) of the aircraft, helps the aircraft during landing, take-off and ground handling operations. The landing gear plays important role absorbing the crush (or thrust) while landing and thus ensure lower crush related injuries and material damages. For achieving this crush worthiness require optimum design of the springs of the landing gears. I have started the process of the optimum design of the landing gear mechanism through theoretical hand calculations. After I established a base design through hand calculation; I shifted to the ADAMS tool. The ADAMS tool seemed to be very powerful for achieving the optimum mechanism design solution through number of iterations. For the sake of simplicity, I have considered non-retractable type of landing gear for this study. Also, I have considered using only helical compression spring and no torsion spring for this design study. Research on Naval Helicopter Landing Gear The naval helicopters operate in much severe landing conditions compared to the commercial helicopters. Hence, while designing the naval helicopter landing gear all the necessary landing conditions should be taken care. In this section I am going to discuss about the types of landing gear and few practical examples about the usage of the landing gears. History and evolution: The first wheeled landing gear appeared in Santos-Dumonts No.14 bis on 1906 soon after the Wright brothers famous flight. Initially, the landing gear used to have bungee as shock absorbing elements. The Ford trimotor landing gear, which used rubber discs and rebound cables, was the predecessor of the modern days shock absorbing landing gear. During World War-II, the shock absorbing landing gear had developed further. Use of the spring and lever came into the landing gear system design. After the world war, the landing gear design matured further to give modern days sophisticated landing gear system. Types of Landing Gears: All of the landing gear used in helicopters can be broadly classified in three categories: Tail dragger Landing Gear: Two main gears are placed under the mid of the fuselage and one tail gear is placed under the tail of the helicopter for the tail dragger landing gear arrangement. This type of landing gears are used in older helicopters (e.g. Seahawk) Tri Cycle Landing Gear: In this configuration, there are one nose wheel and two main gears at the mid of the fuselage. Most of the modern helicopter has this landing gear configuration. Tandem Landing Gear: Large aircrafts use multiple wheels in line for each of the landing gears and this configuration is known as Tandem. Examples about the usage of the landing gears in naval helicopters: Landing Gear for Seahawk S70B: The Seahawk is an US naval aircraft manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft in Stratford, Connecticut. Fig.1: Showing a Seahawk in operation (Image source: http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/seahawk/seahawk2.html) The chopper has energy absorbing two-wheel tail dragger type of landing gear arrangements. The landing gear design is much simpler compared to the other naval helicopters. Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight: Sea Knight is a marine transport helicopter, manufactured by Boeing Vertol. Fig.2: Showing a Sea Knight (Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USMC_CH-46.jpg) The Sea knight has tricycle type of landing gear system. Each of the landing gear has twin wheels. Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King: The Sea King is an anti-submarine amphibian helicopter manufactured by Sikorsky. It is fitted with retractable type trail dragger landing gear arrangement. MH-53E Sea Dragon: This is a three engine powered large navy helicopter designed for heavy lifting and Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM). It is fitted with twin-wheel tricycle configuration of landing gear system. Development of the Landing Gear Mechanism The landing gear mechanism should be strong enough to withstand the specified stringent landing conditions of this assignment. I am planning to develop a landing gear mechanism using two double rear landing gears and a nose landing gear. All the landing gear will use helical compression springs only. Fig.3: Top view of the landing gear arrangements for the concept As the above figure shows, the concept will have the centre of gravity somewhere in between the front and the rear landing gears. Selection of the proper compression spring is the key to the success of the mechanism. Hence I have started with the hand calculation to arrive at the preliminary spring design parameters. Hand Calculation Total mass = 5126 kg Hence, Sprung mass on each spring = 1025.2 kg For zero initial velocity: Say, max. Deformation of spring =35 mm So, spring rate K = 292.9142857 N/mm For normal landing: Initial velocity of helicopter = 0.5 m/sec Spring rate k = 292.9142857 N/mm Now, using the formulae: 0.5*m*v^2=0.5*k*x^2 Max deformation of the springs =0.935414347 mm For hard landing: Initial velocity of helicopter = 3 m/sec Initial velocity of deck = 3 m/sec So, Relative velocity between the helicopter and the deck = 6 m/sec Spring rate k =292.9142857 N/mm So, Max deformation of the springs = 11.22 mm For crush landing: Initial velocity of helicopter = 15 m/sec Spring rate k = 292.9142857 N/mm So, Max deformation of the springs =28.06 mm Since, the deformation values from the hand calculation are well below 30 mm with the spring rate of 292 N/mm. So, I think it is good to go ahead with these values and check the acceleration results and vibration results by creating the ADAMS model. Developing ADAMS Model The ADAMS models of the landing gear mechanism are created by the ADAMS/View. I have come out with two ADAMS design based on the already discussed mechanism concept. The following steps are followed to create each of the ADAMS models: Unit Setting: I choose to use the units as: Length Millimeters, Mass Kg, Force Newton, Time Second, Angle Degree, and Frequency Hertz. Following consistent units are important for getting accurate results. Gravity Setting: I activated the gravity. Points: Points are the basic building block of the whole mechanism. Box: This option was used for creating the deck. Torus: All the wheels were created using the torus option. Link: The structure and the axels were created using the link options. Translational Spring Damper: This option was utilized for creating all the helical compression springs of the designs. Contact: The contact option was used for simulating the contacts between the deck and the wheels. Revolute Joint: The joints between the wheels and the axels were created using the revolute joint option of ADAMS. Translational Joint: For simulating the vertical descent speed of the helicopter and vertical speed of the deck it was required to create transitional joints between the structure and space and between deck and space. ADAMS Mechanism Design-1: Fig.4: ADAMS model of the design option-1. Fig.5: ADAMS point table for the design option-1. ADAMS Mechanism Design-2: Fig.6: ADAMS model of the design option-2 Fig.7: ADAMS point table for the design option-2 The basic difference between the design opton-1 and the design option-2 is in the height of the design. After reviewing the initial displacement results (which I will present in the next section) of the option-1, I have decided to increase the height, as for the specified test condition the structure is hitting the deck for design option-1. Result Comparison for Option-1 and Option-2: Fig.8: Deflection plot of the structure for crush landing condition The above plot is showing the comparison of the deflection of the top frame (structure connected to the fuselage), it shows that the option-1 has much higher deflection. The deflection value for the option-1 is even higher than the clearance between the structure and the deck. Means, for option-1, the structure will hit the ground for extreme condition. So, Option-2 is a better design. Testing ADAMS model in Various Landing Conditions Different landing conditions specified for this assignment is simulated in ADAMS for the design option-2. Normal landing: Here the vertical descent speed of 0.5 m/sec is applied at the translational joint between the structure and space. Result is shown below: Fig.9: Normal landing acceleration plot The result for the normal landing test for the design option-2 is showing that: the maximum acceleration is 6.8 m/sec2. Hard Landing: For the hard landing test, I applied vertical descent speed of 3m/sec at the joint between the structure and space and vertical deck speed of 3m/sec at the joint between the deck and space. Here is the result: Fig.10: Hard landing acceleration plot The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for the hard landing test of the design option-2 is 19.3 m/sec2 . Crush Landing: In order to simulate the crush landing condition, I applied the vertical approach speed of 15 m/sec at the joint between the structure and space, keeping the deck stationary. The result of the crush landing test is shown below: Fig.11: Acceleration plot for the crush landing test The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for the crush landing test is 206.6m/sec2. Running Vibration Analysis in ADAMS The naval helicopter will be kept in landed condition over the aircraft carrier. The aircraft carrier will be oscillating continuously under the influence of the sea waves. The purpose of the vibration analysis is to find out the resonating frequency of the landing gear mechanism under the sea oscillation. For simulating the sea wave oscillation, I created five kinetic actuators placed at the centre of each of the axels and placed one output channel at the centre of gravity of the top structure. Frequency response analysis: The frequency response analysis (FRA) shows the amplification of acceleration for each frequency values. The FRA plot for the design option-2 is shown below: Fig.12: Frequency response plot for the design option-2 The FRA plot above is showing a pick at 2.5 Hz. The pick is the resonating frequency of the landing gear mechanism. Results of the Different ADAMS Analysis Maximum acceleration for normal landing = 6.8 m/sec2. Maximum acceleration for hard landing = 19.3 m/sec2. Maximum acceleration for crush landing = 206.6 m/sec2. Resonating frequency of the mechanism = 2.5 Hz. Conclusion The conceptual design of the naval landing gear is simulated using ADAMS for the specified landing conditions. The results from the simulation are showing that the maximum acceleration values are well below the specified maximum limit for this assignment. The ADAMS vibration simulation is showing the resonating frequency for the mechanism as 2.5 Hz.